2024年度学院等開講科目理学院物理学系物理学コース

ハドロン物理学

開講元: 物理学コース
担当教員: 慈道大介
授業形態: 講義 (対面型)
メディア利用科目: -
曜日・時限 (講義室): 月3-4 (W5-105) / 木3-4 (W5-105)
クラス: -
科目コード: PHY.F430
単位数: 200
開講時期: 2024年度
開講クォーター: 1Q
シラバス更新日: 2025年3月14日
使用言語: 英語

シラバス

授業の目的（ねらい）、概要

The minimum elements of matter which can be observed are hadrons and leptons. Hadrons are particles interacting with strong forces, such as proton and pion, and are composed of quarks and gluons. Owing to the color confinement phenomenon, quarks and gluons are confined in the hadrons and are never observed directly. Most of the visible mass in our universe is due to the hadron mass. In the lecture, properties of hadrons are explained in both theoretical and experimental points of view. In the descriptions of the hadron structure and dynamics, symmetries play important roles. Basics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which is the fundamental theory of the dynamics of quarks and gluons, are also explained. The nature of the coupling constant of the strong interaction, that is called as asymptotic freedom, is the outstanding feature of QCD, and the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is responsible for the mass generation of quarks. Effective models based on chiral symmetry for hadron physics are also introduced.

The purpose of the course is to let the students understand hadrons which constitute the present universe, and to understand quarks, gluons, and QCD which is the theory of strong interaction. Another purpose is to let the students know theoretical tools to study hadron physics.

到達目標

[Objectives] Students will understand the basics of hadron physics by taking this course. Students will understand the features of strong interaction, the description of hadrons based on quarks, and features of quantum chromodynamics.

[Topics] Strong interaction, symmetries in hadron physics, properties of hadron, quark model, quark flavors, quark generations, color charge, gluons, asymptotic freedom, elastic scattering and deep inelastic scattering, chiral effective theories, chiral symmetry, current algebra, hadron mass generation, etc.

キーワード

strong interaction, quark model, flavor symmetry, chiral symmetry, baryons, mesons, color charge, gluons, quantum chromodynamics, asymptotic freedom, origin of mass, dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry, chiral effective theories.

学生が身につける力

専門力
教養力
コミュニケーション力
展開力 (探究力又は設定力)
展開力 (実践力又は解決力)

授業の進め方

The lecture is given using the blackboard with prints summarizing each topic.
Practical problems are given and students are required to solve them.

授業計画・課題

	授業計画	課題
第1回	Hadrons and strong interaction	Explain what hadrons are.
第2回	Hadron spectroscopy	learn how to describe short-living particles
第3回	Relativistic quantum mechanics	To be able to describe spin 1/2 fermion in relativistic form
第4回	Symmetries in hadron physics	Explain the breaking patterns of symmetries in hadron physics.
第5回	Flavors of quarks, classification of baryons and mesons	Explain the compositions of baryons and mesons based on flavor symmetry.
第6回	Quark model	Construct the proton wavefunction based on the quark model.
第7回	Structure of nucleon	To be able to explain and the form factors and the meaning of Bjorken scaling.
第8回	Basics of Quantum Chromodynamics	To be able to understand the meaning of asymptotic freedom.
第9回	Symmetry and conservation law	Drive the Noether current from a Lagangian.
第10回	Current algebra and PCAC	Explain what PCAC is.
第11回	Chiral Symmetry	Derive the Gell-Mann Oakes Renner relation.
第12回	Linear sigma model	Demonstrate the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in a hadron theory
第13回	Fermion mass generation	Explain the mechanism of quark mass generation.
第14回	Nambu-Goldstone theorem in QCD	Explain the basic ideas of chiral perturbation theory.

準備学修(事前学修・復習)等についての指示

学修効果を上げるため，教科書や配布資料等の該当箇所を参照し，「毎授業」授業内容に関する予習と復習（課題含む）をそれぞれ概ね100分を目安に行うこと。

教科書

not specified

参考書、講義資料等

'Particles and Nuclei', B. Povh et al., Springer,
'Elementary Particle Physics, volume 1 and 2', Y. Nagashima, WILEY-VCH,
'Quarks, Baryons and Chiral Symmetry', A. Hosaka and H. Toki, World Scientific,
'Gauge Field Theories, an introduction with applications', Mike Guidry, WILEY-VCH

成績評価の方法及び基準

Quizzes and problems given during the classes. The quizzes are given in the response sheet distributed in the end of each class. The problems are written in handouts distributed at each class.

履修の条件・注意事項

It is required that the students have enough knowledge on quantum physics.

その他

The lecture will be given in English.